The arts were “a part of a great system invented for the expression of a man’s delight in beauty”, (192) and the teachers of the artist-craftsmen had to be Nature on one hand, and History on the other; it would be difficult for anybody - except maybe a genius - to do anything at present without a good knowledge of history. So it was essential to study the ancient monuments, which “have been altered and added to century after century, often beautifully, always historically; their very value, a great part of it, lay in that”. (193)